Improving and Developing Leadership Characteristics Essay...

INTRODUCTION â€Å"It is centered in groups or organizations, rather than individuals, and engages the group in heart, mind, spirit, and energy†. [Lorilee,R.S., Lela,V..(1995)]. {From this point of view, we can assume that leadership will change from the individual-centered to collective-centered. Leadership also can change from a group of curriculum to a developing, adapted educational process where it focused on building a good relationship. Its mean the leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal. So that, leadership are important in manage the sustainability of natural resources in Malaysia from harm or demolish of our daily life. Thus, in this study there are†¦show more content†¦Most†© senior †©leaders †©of†© large †©hierarchies †©believe †©in†© their †©intrinsic†© authority,†©as †©proven†© by†© the †©position â₠¬ ©they’ve †©attained.†©Ã¢â‚¬ © BODY PARAGRAPH 1: Leaders Characteristic First effective ways in encourage the leaderships in manage the natural resources in by Improving and develop leader characteristic to help in connected the goals of managing natural resources. Every organization has a particular work environment, which order to a significant degree how its leaders respond to problems and opportunities. So with good character of leader, the leaders it can help in achieve the goals of sustain the natural resources.†Charismatic leaders are dominant, exceptionally self-confident, and have a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of their beliefs†. [Thomas,S.B. Scott,A.S..(2013)]. Ultimately, the leader must improved their performance and challenge their self confidence so that they can be respected leader and the natural resources will be saved because the other peoples’ are satisfy with the characteristic that been shown. Furthermore, people can be lead by the good leaders who posses excellent characteristic and be inspire to others. [Thomas,S.B. Scott,A.S..(2013)].. Clearly others people must have acknowledge the importance of natural resources in the Malaysia for the human being and so on. BODY PARAGRAPH 2: The Educational Opportunities SecondShow MoreRelatedServant Leadership : Characteristics, Nursing Practice, And Personal Growth1090 Words   |  5 PagesServant Leadership: Characteristics, Application to Nursing Practice, and Personal Growth The servant is a novel that depicts the life of a man who has a successful life that is lacking a leadership role, directly correlated with his personal, social, and professional life (Hunter, 1998). 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A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Argumentative Essay Topics on Education and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Argumentative Essay Topics on Education and How to Avoid It Just contact us through our on-line chat and our experts will supply you with detailed info about all our stipulations. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. In order to receive specific info, you can read a few reviews posted by thankful customers. Thereby, it can be smart to examine diverse reviews on essay writing service as a way to get a credible on-line site. What Is So Fascinating About Argumentative Essay Topics on Education? Inequality in education is something that has continued manifest even in the current days. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. It is one of the major foundations of the society which promotes realization of economic goals and at the same time making sure that different individuals end up living bette r lives. It is a vast subject and there may be hundreds of such topics that students can choose for an essay in education. To start with, the very first thing which needs to be done is to get all schools and institutions to have tutors that are gender sensitive and who don't have any prejudice or favor towards one gender. Facts, in the long run, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. Some people don't believe in the concept of mandatory music education classes. Social problems faced in various portions of the world also point to a specific level, the inequality in education. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. What's in read is what I've added and it replaces what's striked through. There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. The last write-up needs to be concise with firm language. If you're assigned to write an argumentative essay, you want to be prepared to defend a particular point of view. If you opt to compose an essay on political corruption, you need to know its definition. There are invariably a wide variety of opinions on the field of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on the subject. The essential distinction is that you're permitted to have an opinion on the topic but it's still true that you need facts. The interest mainly is based on the topic that you pick for your essay. So be sure you select a subject, which has values in it. It's possible to make use of these topics since they are or use them as hints to come up with your own ideas. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Deciding upon an effortless topic may prove to be an incorrect track because you may have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. The Unexposed Secret of Argumentative Essay Topics on Education Now, people who don't understand how these essays work may produce the mistake of being lenient. Our company does not have any need to request a big reward for our job. Whenever you make an order on our site, you get all extra guarantees. There's no need in making a determination, which health problem or phenomena is more urgent at this time or what's left in the shadows and has to be enlightened at least in your essay. A Startling Fact about Argumentative Essay Topics on Education Uncovered Inequality in education is connected to the important issues in the society. The economic, political, and societal effects of corruption are not simple to estimate. Political corruption is a severe problem that should be solved. In some countries with various races, education is offered in a fashion that is unequal. Thus don't be concerned about writing homework and get our paper help whenever possible. The paper further examines the mitigation measures that are in literatures to deal with the inequality. It is crucial to pick a great topic so as to compose a wonderful paper. To write a great paper, you want to select a strong topic.

Dawn Essay Example For Students

Dawn Essay The book I read for my book review was Dawn, by Elie Wiesel. This storyrepresents the post WWII struggle of the Israeli freedom fighters one youngman in particular, who has found himself on the other side of the gun. Wieselhimself severed his time in the death camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald duringthe War, and had previously written Night, the memoirs of his experiences. Thepurpose of this book, in my mind, was to express the inner most thoughts and theanguish of Elisha. Elisha is 18 years old. He was recruited by a gentleman namedGad, who turned him into a fighter. He has killed before for their cause, butonly in groups never alone. Our bullets were a flaming wall on whichtheir lives were shattered My five comrades and I set out to either kill orto be killed. Pg28. But now, Elisha wasnt in a group. He had been orderedto execute an English officer, John Dawson, as to compensate for the Britishcapturing David ben Moshe, one of their own. In tradition, executions alwaystook place at dawn in their culture; usually around 5AM. Elisha has less thantwelve hours before he will be labeled as a murderer for the rest of his life. Hes having a difficult time coming to the reality that he is going to have tokill a man on his own. I should forget this night. But the dead neverforget In their eyes I should be forever branded a killer. Pg69. Ofcourse, then again, if anyone were put into that position having to kill aman, who has done nothing wrong except be born of English blood I think theywould be having some serious issues with themselves as well. In the Jewishtradition, there is a lot of focus on and towards nighttime. Night is a veryimportant in that Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking andloving and dreaming. At night everything is more intense, more true. The echo ofwords that have been spoken during the day take on a new and deeper meaning. Thetragedy of man is that he doesnt know how to distinguish between night andday. He says things at night that should only be said by day. Pg4. Also,according to their realigion, at midnight, the dead rise and go to the synagogueto pray. At one point, duri ng the night before Dawsons death, Elisha sees theghosts of his parents, and old Master, of his fiend Yerachmiel, and of a littlebeggar boy. These ghosts help Elisha cope with what he is about to go through. Throughout the book, there is a lot of mention of the war between theIsraelis and the British. At one point its said that, War is like nightit covers everything. I very much agree with this statement. War does covereverything, mentally, physically, and ecologically; war has no care as to who ithurts, why, or how. As Night is drawing closer to an end, Elisha realizes thathe doesnt want to go down to the basement, where John Dawson is being held,and kill a man he has never known. Thats a cowardice thing to do in theirculture. I said that I wanted to go down before the time was up, to see thefellow, and talk, and get to know him. It was cowardly, I said, to kill acomplete stranger. It was like war, where you dont shoot at men, but into thenight you never know whether any of the enemy was killed, or which one. Toexecute a stranger would be the same thing. If I were to see him as only hedied, I would feel as if I shot at a dead man. This, I feel is anotherpowerful quote that makes good fo od for thought. I, and Im sure others aswell, cant even fathom what Elisha is going through. Elisha does go down tomeet John Dawson, about an hour before the dawn. He gets to know him, about hislife, and family. He even promises to mail a letter to Dawsons son afterhes killed. When the time comes, Elisha pulls the trigger, and although hefeels the agony that goes along with having to kill a man face to face, he doesfeel a little sense honor, not necessarily for the cause, but for himself. Thisbook, I feel, is a definitely one to read. It shows a murderer from a viewthat is rarely seen his own. And, its a rather quick read; the bookitself is of a decent length and the wording isnt difficult. It could easilybe read in a day. Dawn made me take a look at my own life, and place myself inEllishas position. It also takes a good look inside the fighting that went onbetween the British, and the Israelis, as to give us a better understanding ofwhat really happens in a terrorist war. .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 , .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .postImageUrl , .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 , .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:hover , .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:visited , .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:active { border:0!important; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:active , .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023 .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6cc04451bf6ee392870cc9afe54e023:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb in World War II EssayBook Reports

Wolf free essay sample

How does Cassy change throughout Wolf? Having read Wolf by Gillian Cross I thought it was quite an interesting book because it contained a lot of imagery. Wolf was about a girl called Cathleen Phelan (known throughout the book as Cassy) and her wrangle with her father Mick Phelan whose is part of the IRA (Irish Republic Army). The plot of the story is that Cassy’s grandmother gave Cassy some plastic explosives that she stole from Cassy’s father Mick and sent her to live with her mother Susan Phelan(known throughout the book as Goldie ). And throughout the story Cassy’s father was trying to get back his plastic explosives from Cassy, to finish the mission given by the IRA. The climax of the story was when Cassy’s father was ready to kill Cassy if she didn’t return his plastic explosives. Throughout Wolf Cassy’s personality and her way of thinking has definitely changed. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is mainly due to the fact that she’s living with Goldie, Robert and Lyall, and her altercation with her father. Cassy is an ordinary looking girl, she has sensible brown eyes and sensible short brown hair. You only had to look at her face to know she wouldn’t do anything wild . Her way of thinking was reasonable and logical which were qualities she had most definitely picked up from her Nan. Her Nan even said â€Å"If everyone was like you the world would be a simpler sweeter place†- page 6. Her closest relationship is with her Nan. This is because she lived with her Nan ever since her mother left her, since then she has taken like to her Nan and has built a negative persona of her mother. Throughout the book she doesn’t even call her mother instead she refers to her as Goldie. The reason she doesn’t like visiting her mother is because she thinks she is immature and irresponsible, she also doesn’t like her non- conventional way of living and thinking. Cassy and Nan are part of the workers class. They live in quite a small apartment and they don’t even own a phone so every time they need to call they use their neighbour Mrs Ramage’s phone. Cassy’s time spent with Goldie, Goldie’s boyfriend Lyall Cornelius and Lyall’s son Robert Cornelius, was frightful and life changing for her. At start the thought of living in a place where your disgusted by their lack of cleanliness was frightful, but soon she got accustom to it. She also got accustom to living with Goldie and said â€Å"Goldie’s all right as long as she doesn’t get too excited†- page 32. Her thoughts towards Lyall have also changed radically; at first the author had described Lyall with Wolf like characteristics such as having a black face with a fringe of grizzled beard. And thin bony ankles with long-toed feet and long fingers. But soon enough Cassy has found out that was considerate, kind and responsible. At first, Cassy thought that the Moongazer show was just play acting and she said â€Å"She [should] have guessed that Goldie wouldn’t be doing real work† page-30. But through her experiences of actually taking part in the show she knew that it wasn’t all that easy and that a lot of preparation and practice went into it. Living with her Nan her life had structure and security, but that all changed when she lives with her mother. The short time Cassy was living with her mother she has learnt more about her father than she ever knew living with her Nan because her Nan said â€Å"It’ll be time to tell you when you grow up†- page 47. It was all quite a rush for Cassy from only having a picture of her father looking into the distance to finding out that her father was part of the IRA. She had plenty of questions waiting to be answered, so she stood up for herself and demanded answers from her Nan through the post card. This is fairly out of character for her which means she must have changed. Little red riding hood has 3 main characters. Red riding hood, the wolf and the granny. Cassy is Red riding hood, her father Mick is the wolf and her Nan is the granny. The story is that Red riding hood wants to take a basket of food to her sick grandmother. So she starts upon her journey to her grandmother’s house through the forest. On the way the wolf asks her for the basket of food but Red riding hood refuses because it’s for her grandmother. So then the wolf goes to her grandmother’s house and hides her. When Red riding hood arrives the wolf pretends to be her grandmother in order to get the food. Red riding hood realises that so the wolf tries to eat her. Then the woodchopper comes and kills the wolf saving both Red riding hood and her grandmother. The Gillian Cross version of the story is: Cassie is on her way to her Nan’s house, where she comes across her dad who has tied Nan and put her in the bathtub. Cassy’s father is after the plastic explosives that Nan has given her. Cassy refuses to tell him where it is, so her father is ready to shoot Cassy. In that instance the police barge in and arrest him. Soon after Cassy finds out that Goldie is the one who saves her and her grandmother by calling the police. In conclusion, Cassy has definitely changed. She has become more mature through the series of events and has broken out of the robot aura that she has been living with her Nan.

Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt Essay Example

Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt Essay Example Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt Paper Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt Paper Essay Topic: Literature Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt is an extended metaphor which is all about a deer hunt in which a hind is being chased by several riders. In this the riders represent young men and the hind represents a woman, probably Anne Boleyn. The title is repeated in the very first line of the sonnet, Whoso list to hunt, (whoever wants to pursuit) almost to make sure that you know exactly what the sonnet is going to be about. Its a statement/question which hooks the readers mind into wanting to know what the answer is going to be. In the very first line Wyatt introduces the reader to a metaphor used for the woman and those who want her, Whoso list to hunt, I know where is an hind. Here Wyatt is basically stating that whoever wants to hunt, I know where is an hind, (in western literature words such as hind metaphorically refer to beautiful women. ) This metaphor in the first line is the main metaphor which is extended throughout the sonnet. Also in the first line Wyatt uses alliteration, whoso hunt ind, by doing this Wyatt is already giving the reader the impression that the hunter/narrator is out of breath and tired. We then get proof of this when in line 3 the narrator is describing his efforts as hopeless and that he is exhausted, the vain travail hath wearied me so sore. This line is stating how he feels so sorry, for all his attempt were in vain to win her love and be united with her; now he is so wearied and sore. Also in this line he uses alliteration again, so, sore, this is making the reader sigh ag ain making it seem that the narrator is worn out. Between line 4 and 6 the narrator mentions how he is one of the hunters (them) trying to win the ladys love, although he is falling behind the other hunters, I am of them farthest cometh behind. Wyatt uses alliteration again, may means my mind. In line 7 of the sonnet he mentions how the dear runs ahead, he begins to lose hope in managing to get her, he uses alliteration again here, fainting follow, this is making it seem that the narrator is weary as to whether or not he will be able to catch her or whether he should give up now. In the second half of line 7 he states hes given up, I leave off therefore as, in line 8, his struggles are similar to that of catching wind in a net, since in a net I seek to hold the wind. This metaphor illustrates the themes in the sonnet, unattainable love and an unobtainable goal. This first part of the Italian Petrarch sonnet is called the octave and is where Wyatt has presented the problem, the rhyming pattern which goes with this first half of the sonnet is ABBAABBA. The effect of using a Petrarchan sonnet is that it creates a pause in thought where the changed rhymes underline the way the poet has stated the problem then added the solution to the problem. The sonnet is then carried on to present the solution, the sestet, with a rhyming scheme of CDDCEE. In line 9 alliteration is visible again, whoso her hunt, again giving the impression the narrator is out of breath. In lines 9 and 10 the narrator goes on to say how the one who is trying to hunt the deer will, more than likely, end up like him and leave the hunt/give up. Wyatt states that, graven with diamonds in letters plain, diamonds are hard, precious stones meaning that the person who has caught her is very wealthy and that other hunters have lost the hunt. This carries on to line 12 where it states that, written her fair neck round about, this means that its around her neck and is visible for everyone to see. Wyatt then goes onto using a quotation in Latin from the Bible, Noli me tangere, meaning dont touch me. This is a warning to others, saying how they must stay away from her. The next part of that line states, for Caesars I am, this suggests that the person who caught her is of great importance in this sonnet Caesar is more than likely Henry VIII, however the name Caesar is used to allow Wyatt to publish it as Henry VIII was in charge at that time. The following line states, And wild for to hold, though I seem tame, this suggests that the deer herself declares that while she appears tame, holding her is dangerous, as she is in fact wild. She is stating that catching her may be because you believe her to be tame, but in reality having her is impractical. This line employs a paradox wild for to hold, though I seem to tame. There is a contradiction between words wild and tame. This paradox illustrates the attitude of the lady toward her lovers and how she neglects them. It also provides answer to the problem raised in octave. Diamonds are symbols of asset, and wealth; it makes clear two things. First, the lady is kings property and no one is allowed to covet her; second, the king is rich and already paid the price for her. Although this poem is an Italian Petrarchan sonnet it is also a metaphorical sonnet/extended metaphor as he is telling his story, how men are trying to have a lady who doesnt pay attention to them because she belongs to the king. The meter of this sonnet is iambic pentameter. The word choice, imaginary language, grammatical disorder techniques, alliteration that makes the sonnet more musical, and metaphors that are used in this sonnet, make it more expressive and rich. The poet utilized first person point of view, using the pronouns I and me. It has three major themes power and weakness, or ruler and subjects; unreachable goal; unobtainable love. In power and weakness the theme is about how the king can do and have whatever he wants and the subjects should obey without any complain. The next theme, unreachable goal, points out how man struggle to get to something unreachable although he knows he cant. The third theme, unobtainable love, shows the speaker is in love with a lady which is in king possession. The tone of this work is hopelessness. I think that by reading this sonnet the reader sympathizes with Wyatt and his unsuccessful and unreachable love, he is expressing his true love towards Anne Boleyn yet still didnt manage to catch her.

The Briley Brothers Killing Spree

The Briley Brothers Killing Spree In 1979, Brothers Linwood Briley, James Briley Jr., and Ray Briley went on a seven-month  killing spree  in their hometown of Richmond, Virginia. When they were finally caught, there were 11 people dead, although investigators believed that there were as 20 victims. Childhood Years James and Bertha Briley were a hard-working couple when their first child, Linwood Earl Briley, was born in 1995.  Their second child, James Dyral Briley, Jr. was born about 18 months later followed by their youngest and last child, Anthony Ray Briley. From the outside looking in, the Briley family seemed well adjusted and happy. They lived in a nice two-story home located on Fourth Avenue in downtown Richmond. Unlike a lot of kids their age, the Briley boys came from an unbroken home where both parents were directly involved with their lives. Helping Hands During their preteen years, the boys would lend a hand to some of their senior neighbors by helping tend to their yards or help start a car.  The general consensus around the neighborhood was that the brothers were polite, helpful and all around good kids. That same opinion was not shared by their schoolmates. At school, the brothers harassed and bullied the other kids. The brothers seemed indifferent towards adult authority and would tend to ignore  whatever the punishment  was that was handed out by a teacher or the principle. But when they got home, their father James Sr., was clearly the one in charge and managed to invoke a level of fear in his sons. Bertha Moves Away   The Briley brothers had two major interests. They enjoyed collecting exotic spiders and snakes like tarantulas, piranhas, and boa constrictors and they habitually cut and saved newspaper stories about gang activity.   When the boys reached their teenage years, Bertha and James split up and she moved away. The split was apparently  amicable  and without drama. It was also during this time that James Sr. was weighed down with growing concerns about how Linwood was acting and the influence he had over the other boys. He developed a sense of fear of his sons. Worried for his own safety,  he began locking his bedroom door at night from the inside with a deadbolt.   Orline Christian On January 28, 1971, Linwood Briley was 16 years old and home alone, when he saw his neighbor,  57-year-old Orline Christian, outside hanging up her laundry. For no apparent reason, Linwood got a rifle from the closet, aimed it out his second-floor bedroom window towards Christian, and pulled the trigger,  fatally shooting  Christian. Somehow no one noticed that she had a gunshot wound in her back and it was assumed that stress led to her death after having recently buried her husband. Then during a viewing her body, some of her relatives noticed a spot of blood on her dress. Curious as to why the family asked for a second examination. It was during the second examination that a bullet was found lodged in her back and a murder investigation was opened. An investigation of the murder scene led the police straight to Linwoods bedroom window. A search of the house produced the murder weapon. With the solid evidence staring him in the face, Linwood confessed to the murder.  In a flat, unemotional voice, the 16-year old said to the detective:  I heard she had heart problems, she would have died soon anyway. Linwood was found guilty and sentenced to one year in reform school. The Murder Spree Begins In March 1979, the Briley gang had a plan to do a series of random burglaries and home invasions. The plan was that the group would get in and out fast and not leave any witnesses alive. William and Virginia Bucher March 12, 1979- The Briley gang went to  Henrico County and randomly selected the  home of William and Virginia Bucher. Linwood knocked on the Buchers door, and when William answered it Linwood claimed that he had car trouble and needed to borrow a phone to call Triple A. Williams said he would make the call and asked Linwood for his Triple-A card, but when he opened the screen door to get the card, Linwood rushed towards him and forced his way into the house. The rest of the gang followed behind Linwood and they took control of William and Virginia and tied them up in separate rooms. They then went through each room and took any valuable that they wanted and saturated the rooms with kerosene. When they were finished stealing what they wanted, Linwood poured kerosene all over Williams legs, then lit a match as he was leaving the house. The Buchers were left tied up inside to burn to death alive. Somehow William Bucher managed to untie himself and he was able to get himself and his wife to safety. The Buchers are the only known victims of the Briley gang that survived their attack. Michael McDuffie March 21, 1979- Michael McDuffie  was the victim of a home invasion. The Briley gang forced themselves into his home, assaulted McDuffie and robbed the home and then shot McDuffie to death. Mary Gowen April 9, 1979 - Mary Gowen was walking home from a babysitting job when the Briley gang spotted her and followed her to her home. They then forced their way into her home and beat, robbed and raped her repeatedly, then shot her in the head. The 76-year-old woman managed to survive the attack, but fell into a coma the next day and died a few weeks later. Christopher Philips July 4, 1979 -  Christopher Philips, age 17, lingered around Linwoods car a minute too long. Assuming that he was planning on stealing it, the Bailey brothers forced the boy to a field where they beat and kicked him and then Linwood killed him by crushing his head with a  cinderblock. Johnny G. Gallaher   September 14, 1979 - Popular disc jockey John Johnny G. Gallaher was playing in a band at a nightclub when he went outside during a break. The Briley gang saw him and forced him into the trunk of his  Lincoln Continental, then drove to an old paper mill out by the James River. Gallaher was pulled from the trunk, robbed and shot in the head at close range. His body was discovered floating in the river two days later. Mary Wilfong September 30, 1979 - Mary Wilfong, age 62, was working as a private nurse when the Briley gang saw her and followed her home. Just as she was about to enter her apartment, the Brileys assaulted her, then beat her to death with a baseball bat, after which they burglarized her apartment. Blanche Page and Charles Garner October 5, 1979 - On Fourth Avenue, not far from the Briley home, the brothers  assaulted  then  bludgeoned to death 79-year-old Blanche Page, then beat and stabbed to death her boarder, 59-year old Charles Garner. According to investigators, the beating and murder of Garner was one of the most brutal that the investigators had ever seen. The Wilkersons October 19, 1979 -  Harvey Wilkerson and his wife, 23-year-old Judy Barton and her five-year-old son lived around the corner from the Brileys home. Wilkerson and the Briley brothers had known each other for years and were friends. The four would often talk about snakes since, like the Briley brothers, Wilkerson also owned pet snakes.   On October 19, the Brileys were in a celebratory mood. J.B., the middle brother, had been paroled earlier that day. Throughout the day the brothers had been hanging out on Fourth Avenue, drinking and smoking pot, and as night fell they began to talk seriously about finding another victim that night. They decided on Harvey Wilkerson, possibly because they thought he had been dealing drugs and wanted the money or his customers or both. Wilkerson was outside when he saw the Briley brothers and 16-year-old Duncan Meekins headed his way. He went inside and locked the door, but the group kept coming. When they got to Wilkersons apartment, they knocked on the door and despite his fears, Wilkerson opened the door and let them inside. As soon as the gang got inside they began attacking the couple. They bound them with duct tape and gagged them, and then Linwood Briley raped Judy while in close proximity to her son and husband. When he was finished, Meekins, who was considered one the gang, continued to  sexually assault  and sodomize  the pregnant woman. The gang then went through the house and took whatever personal belongs that they wanted. Linwood put J.B. in charge and left the apartment with some of the stolen goods. J.B. told his brother Anthony and Meekins to cover Wilkerson and his wife with sheets. They left 5-year-old Harvey on the couch. J.B. then ordered Meekins to shoot Wilkerson. Meekins grabbed a pillow and shot through it multiple times and killed Wilkerson. J.B. then shot Judy, killing her and her unborn child. Anthony allegedly shot and killed the boy. The Brileys didnt know that the police had the area under  surveillance  and were aware that the gang had gone into Wilkersons apartment. When the police heard gunshots go off, they could not tell where the shooting was coming from and started canvassing the area. They spotted Meekins and two of the Briley brothers leaving Wilkersons apartment. They did not think that it was connected to the gunshots that they heard. Arrest Three days later the police received a request to do a welfare check on Wilkerson and Judy. As they approached the apartment, they found the front door was slightly ajar. Entering the apartment they walked into a macabre scene that, for even hardened police officers, was hard to handle. Apparently, before leaving the apartment the Briley brothers had let loose Wilkersons pet snakes. Also left inside for three days to fend for themselves were two Doberman puppies. Before the forensic team could begin their work, animal control had to come and clear the apartment. But the crime scene was so badly compromised by the puppies that much of the evidence collected was of little value. Having seen the Briley gang leaving the Wilkersons apartment on the day that the Wilkersons were murdered, made them the prime suspects in the murders. An arrest warrant was issued for the three brothers and for Meekins. When the police went to serve the warrants, Linwood, his father and Meekins took off in a car with the police following close behind. Linwood was the driver and he refused to pull over and continued to lead the police down several streets. Concerned about public safety, the police finally decided to force the car into a pole. Once the car crashed, Linwood continued to make run for it but was soon captured. Later, they found out that the other two Briley brothers had turned themselves into the police. Interrogation At this point, the only crimes that the police connected the Bailey brothers to were the Wilkerson murders. With so much tainted evidence, they knew that their best shot for convictions would be if one of them would enter into a plea agreement in exchange for pointing the finger at the killers. Duncan Meekins was just 16 year old and his background did not fit that of a cold-blooded killer. He lived with his parents in a nice home; he was a good student and attended church regularly. With the encouragement of his parents, he accepted a plea deal where he would be given a life sentence with the possibility of parole in exchange for all the details surrounding the crime. If he kept himself out of trouble in prison, he was looking at doing 12 to 15 years behind bars. As agreed, Meekins began talking and not just about the Wilkerson murders. He also provided details about other unsolved murders that had gone on during the worse crime spree that had ever hit Richmond. Prior to Meekins confession, investigators had not connected  what they thought were random acts of crime. The rapes and murders happened in different areas around Richmond. The race, sex and ages of the victims seemed to be random. Victims of serial killers often share a physical quality. Gang-related murders are usually rival gangs. When looking at the people raped and murdered by the Bailey brothers, the only major link that could be found was the brutality and  viciousness that had been shown by the murderers themselves.   Interrogating the Bailey brothers was frustrating. They were arrogant, defiant, and liked to push the patience of the interrogators. When questioning Linwood Bailey about the murder of  Johnny G. Gallaher, he mocked the investigator and told him he would never be convicted of the murder because there was no evidence linking him to it. The investigators then brought in a retired detective to interrogate Linwood. He had been a longtime friend of Gallahers.  As the interview began, the detective noticed Linwood was wearing a  turquoise  ring that belonged to Gallaher and one that he always wore. In fact, the detective had been with his friend when he bought it. With that evidence and more that was slowly uncovered, the Bailey brothers were charged with various crimes and some of the murders. Guilty Linwood Bailey was found guilty and given multiple life sentences and the death penalty for the murder of Gallaher. J.B. Bailey was also given multiple life sentences and two death penalty sentences for the murders of Judy Barton and her son. Anthony Bailey was given a life sentence with a possibility of parole. It could not be proven that he was directly responsible for any murders. Linwood and J.B. Briley  were sent to death row at Mecklenburg Correctional Center. It wasnt long before the pair had profitable drugs and weapons racket going on from the confines of death row. Escape It has been said that Linwood Briley had a certain magnetism about him and the prisoners and some of the guards liked to be on his good side. The guards probably thought it was of little consequence to keep him happy. After all, they were in a prison that had the most sophisticated security system in the state. But Linwood had spent several years paying attention to how things worked, the wording that guards would use when making requests to other prison units, and which guards were the least attentive and those who were friendly towards the inmates. On May 31, 1984, Linwood managed to get a guard to keep the door of the control room opened, just long enough for another inmate to rush in and release the locks on all of the death row cells. This allowed for there to be enough manpower to overtake the 14 guards that were assigned to that block. Ordered to strip down, Linwood, J.B. and four other inmates put on the guards uniforms and after a series of events were able to drive away from the prison in a prison van.   The plan was to go to Canada, but when the escapes reached Philadelphia, the Briley brothers separated from the group and met up with their uncle who had made arrangements for a place for them to stay. The brothers managed to stay free until June 19, 1984, when information retrieved from a wiretap placed on the uncles phone left the authorities to their hiding place. Executions Within months of being returned to prison, both Linwood and James Briley exhausted their appeals and execution dates were set. Linwood Briley was the first to be executed. Depending on which version you read, he either walked to the electric chair without assistance or he had to be sedated and dragged to the chair. Either way, on October 12, 1984, Linwood was executed. James Briley followed in his older brothers path as he had always done and was electrocuted in the same chair that his brother had died in months earlier. On April 18, 1985, James Briley was executed.   Anthony  Briley  remains in a Virginia prison. All efforts for his release have been denied by the parole board.

World History 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World History 1 - Essay Example In the civilized society, the role of the individual still might be deemed important, but not in the same close-connection sort of way. In terms of the educational area, one of the hallmarks of civilization is its ability to pass on its legacy through literature. Nomadic peoples tended to provide oral traditions and stories, but it wasn't until these became written down that society advanced to what might be called a civilized state. Through education in general, and literacy in particular, civilization developed into its modern form. Thirdly, there is a distinct difference between the commercial activities of hunter/gatherer tribes and civilized society. For nomadic tribes, goods were acquired primarily for consumption. Excess items could be traded with other groups, but the primary goal was meeting daily need. Modern civilization is characterized by elaborate trading patterns that have no equal in the hunter/gatherer world. Finally, the political difference is dramatic. While hunte r/gatherers had political rank or pecking order, it consisted primarily of who was strong enough to lead the tribe; and conducted through a fairly straightforward means of combat or test of skills.

Managing Activities to Achieve Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Activities to Achieve Results - Essay Example The retailing services include online shopping channels, Tesco Direct, tesco.com and Telecoms; Tesco Personal Finance (TPF) (Reuters, 2011). Organisational Structure- Terry Leahy is the CEO of this supermarket chain. David Reid presides as the Chairman of the Board. The business heads in Asia and other global regions report directly to the CEO. Tesco has a multi-divisional organisational structure commonly referred as ‘M-form’. This form suits large firms. Here the firm is divided into a number of divisions with each division in charge of a specific product or a market (Pearson, n.d.). Source: (Pearson, n.d.). Culture- Tesco Plc operates with the primary purpose of value creation for the customers with the aim of earning their lifetime loyalty. The employees of the company work towards creating customer satisfaction by meeting their needs. All the employees work as a single unit i.e. team work forms as essential part of the functioning. There is a sense of respect and tr ust amongst them. The management takes the extra initiative to make it a better work place. The respective managers act as a guide to the workers and render all possible help in making the company a better place to work (Tesco Plc-a, 2011). Mission, Aims & Objectives As already said the aim of the company is â€Å"to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty†. Tesco follows a consistent and well-established strategy of growth that has enabled it to strengthen itself in its core businesses and expand its businesses in the new markets. The diversification strategy of the company was formulated in the year 1997 and it has served as the basis of its success. They key objectives guiding the strategy of the company are- Establish itself as a successful retailer in the international market. To grow its core businesses in UK. To strengthen itself in the non-food segment. To strengthen its retailing services like Tesco Personal Finance, Tesco.com and Telecoms. To keep community at the centre of all its activities (Tesco Plc-b, 2011). The strategy of the company encompasses six key elements- Be Flexible- The operations of the company are adjusted to suit the unique requirement of the varying regions. Act Local- The operations of the company are tailored by a local staff to conform to the local cultures and local regulations. Focused approach- The company recognises the fact that establishing itself in the local markets is a long term proposition. Use of multi-formats- Tesco’s experience of running a â€Å"mix of stores† can facilitate its entry into multi-formats. The company recognises the fact that it cannot reach the whole market by way of a single format. A complete spectrum ranging from convenience stores to hypermarkets is necessary. Develop capability- Tesco makes sure that it has adequate capabilities in the form of skilled workers and effective & efficient processes and systems. Building brands- The working of the company is guided by the concept of brand building as it feels that brands help in establishing a long lasting relationship with the clients (Tesco Plc-c,

World War I, World War II Essay Example for Free

World War I, World War II Essay Technological innovation has played a significant role in most modern twentieth century armed conflicts In both the great wars- World War I, World War II and in the consequent Cold War era ,technology was used to enhance and develop weapons to garner military advantage and turn the conflict in favour of a particular country or respective front. In fact technology has helped to revolutionize the manner in which both the great wars were fought and eventually won. The cold war was actually more of a foreign policy exercise than an actual war. After the Second World War the new world order stipulated the polarization of most of the world into two blocs- the Capitalist Bloc headed by the United States and the Communist Bloc headed by the USSR. Though the cold war was never fought as a military battle the accumulation of weapons of destruction was a major feature of the foreign policy tactics of both the USSR and the US. Known aptly as the arms race this tactic was a key factor that helped determine regional power play in the thirty to forty odd years of the cold war. Some of the weapons introduced by various countries to secure military advantage in the first and Second World War as well as the cold war have been developed and widely adopted to form the military arsenal of most countries world wide Today when we look at armed conflict it is difficult to imagine a battlefield without machine guns, grenade and tanks. But prior to world war one most battles were fought with bayonets, swords, rifles and muskets. The use of technology to develop new weapons to be used in conflict revolutionized combat in World War One. Combat underwent a metamorphosis from a battle fought by infantrymen on a battle ground to a new model: trench warfare. This new style of warfare is attributable to technological development that was taking place in the factories of an industrial Europe. The innovative weapons that helped changed the course of the First World War can be essentially categorized as follows: Machine guns: Though machine guns were first developed and employed in the American Civil War to achieve a devastating effect it was in World War One that the effectiveness of these weapons reached a new height. These weapons achieved the capability to fire up to 600 bullets a minute- the equivalent of 250 men firing bullets with rifles and were classified as a weapon of mass destruction. This was highly beneficial to the armies deploying the weapons because it increased both effectiveness and reduced the number of infantry men employed in combat. These additional infantry could be trained and deployed in Ariel and naval combat Artillery: The First World War set a new standard in the number of cannons used. Never before were so many cannons used in one war. German scientists were responsible for developing Big Bertha the deadliest artillery of the time. This cannon was so powerful it had the potency to fire into the heart of Paris from a distance as far away 120 kilometres away. The scientists of the time did not only work on improving the cannons they also developed high-explosive shells. Instead of using the conventional materials these shells used thin casings filled with tiny lead pellets. These shells were highly effective and artillery power killed hundreds and thousands of men during the course of the war. The artillery was also used to blow up the ground and render trench warfare ineffective as it mad hiding underground in trenches more difficult. Gas Warfare: the First World War introduced humanity to the horrors of gas warfare. Invented by the Germans gas grenades were extremely toxic and highly effective in wiping out battalions of enemy soldiers. There were 3 main types of gas warfare which was used in the First World War. The first type of warfare employed a tearing agent which was responsible for causing temporary blindness and resulted in greatly inflaming the nose and throat of the victim. The second type of Warfare employed poisonous gases, including chlorine, phosgene and diphosgene which were highly toxic and resulted in almost certain death. Though gas masks were used during the war to protect against these gases they did not prove to be very effective. The third type of warfare employed the most dreaded of all chemical weapons in World War I mustard gas. Mustard gas burnt the lungs and skin of the inhaler leaving them to die a slow agonizing and extremely painful death. Thousands of troops were forced to die a painful death as a result of the gas warfare employed in the First World War. Tanks: Manufactured and deployed during the First World War to aid trench warfare the early tanks were no more than giant blocks of metal that could carry 1-2 people and travelled at 5 kilometres per hour. The benefits of these early tanks were that they served as moving armour car that could stand machine gun fire and could move over bared wire and destroy the machine gun nests of the enemy. Though they still required considerable developments the early version of the tank did meet with some success and created a permanent place for itself in the contemporary battle field. Planes: In the First World War planes were not armed and air combat did not play an active role in the war. Warplanes were developed in 1914 and were used primarily to observe enemy troop movements provide support to ground troops and provide information about artillery deployment. The Germans in particular deployed a number of aircrafts to help their war efforts including mini scout planes to huge floating blimps called Zeppelins that were used to carry bombs and throw them at the unsuspecting enemy. Naval Units: Naval combat played a very important and significant role in the First World War. The majority of the conflicts were fought at sea with the Allied powers aiming to negotiate a blockade of the Central Powers by sea and the Central powers attempting to break this blockade. Technoloy was used to create and deploy battleships that could carry weapons and engage in naval warfare. While the British excelled at producing and deploying Battleships the Germans developed the initial version of a submarine which would attack these battleships with stealth and speed and benefit from the element of surprise by submerging itself in the water. Technological warfare played a crucial role in determining the outcome of World War II. By the time the Second World War broke out in 1939 Scientists and researchers had already developed most of the weapons that were initially deployed in the First World War including tanks, and submarines and also developed new technology to accommodate a new brand of warfare known as aerial combat. The war greatly escalated technological development in most nations throughout the world and when the war ended many nations found them in possession of invaluable technological knowledge. This research and technological knowledge initially carried out during the war to develop new weapons of technological warfare later lead to several new sciences and developments after the war ended like cybernetics and the production of nuclear energy to name a few some innovative weapons that defined and characterized the course and outcome of the Second World War include Air Bombs Torpedoes and Missiles. Air combat was one of the biggest strategies used during the Second World War to bomb and eliminate enemy targets. Considerable research was put into developing aerial â€Å"smart bombs† which could be manoeuvred to destroy enemy targets. The German Military lead the development and deployment of these aerial weapons. Some of the weapons developed for air combat by Germany include the Glide bombs which were the world’s first smart bombs and the Fritz X anti-shipping missile, which was operated using radio remote control. The German Military also developed and deployed the world’s first jet fighter known as Messerschmitt 262 as well as the first jet bomber called Arado 234 as well as first operational military helicopters known as Flettner Fl 282 and the worlds first rocket-powered fighter (Messerschmitt 163) The war also witnessed the development of the worlds first cruise missile known as the Pulse jet powered V-1 flying bomb as well as the creation of self guiding weapons such as Torpedoes. Considerable research and development was also done on aiming devices for bombs, torpedoes, artillery and machine guns. Radar The development of digital electronics was given a massive boost by war-related research one such important invention which was used to garner significant military advantage during the Second World War was an instrument known as the radar. The UK and the US achieved prominent breakthroughs in the development and deployment of these devices which were used to track and destroy enemy aircraft, ships, submarines and carriers these devices proved to be very useful and extremely strategic in helping the Allies win the various battles. After the war these radars were deployed in various capacities for policing, monitoring and supervisory purposes in the civilian context. Submarines and Air craft Carriers Though submarines were initially deployed during the First World War they developed increased capability during the Second World War and helped change the face of naval combat. Another major development which changed the manner in which naval battles were fought was the production of the world’s first aircraft carrier. These ships made it easy for fighter planes to launch aerial attacks on enemy battleships and destroy them. Atomic Bomb: The extensive research and the quest to develop new and dangerous weapons to advance the cause of the war lead to the institution of what came to be known as the Manhattan Project which was dedicated to the endeavour of developing an atomic bomb. Today the atomic bomb remains the most profound military development of the Second World War and the ultimate weapon which helped the allies win the war irrevocably. Though there is evidence that Germany was endeavouring to develop the bomb before America the German atomic Bomb project did not come to fruition. The world’s first atomic bomb was developed and deployed by the American military against Japan in 1945. The use of the nuclear bomb against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the turning point and also the virtual end of the Second World War. The devastating effects of the bomb in these two cities made the bomb a horrendous weapon of mass destruction which grew to be feared by most nations. The atomic bomb thus became a symbol of the ultimate power the possession of which gave a country significant leverage over others. After the Second World War ended the new world order was dominated by a conflict between two ideologies: communism and Capitalism. After the defeat of Nazism and fascism the Allied forces of the Western World found a new enemy: the USSR and its doctrine of Communism. Though the USSR had been among the allied nations during the Second World War it soon became apparent that the ideological differences between the country and its neighbours could mot let them exist together peacefully? The ensuing cold war between the Western Bloc led by the United States and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union was essentially a clash of the two rivalling ideologies of Communism and Capitalism. The cold war never played out an actual war between the two super powers. It was manifested in the arenas of espionage diplomacy and to some extent in the early 80’s in the field of sports. It was also manifested in lands ravaged by internal strife and struggling to find a new political system to function under. Over the course of the cold war there were several conflicts and wars which were connected and influenced by this ideological conflict. These wars include The Korean War of 1952, the Cuban Missiles Crises 1962, the Vietnam War of 1969 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1980 to name a few. The majority of the weapons used in these wars were developed and manufactured by the US and the USSR The Cold War witnessed the development of may new weapons ranging from improved fire arms to new technology deployed in tanks , jets submarines ships helicopters , explosives and missile guidance systems. In the Korean War the American military supplied technologically advanced weapons to the UN forces as well as the South Korean forces. Since the battles in South Korea and Vietnam involved jungle warfare the weaponry involved in both battles followed a similar pattern. However the weapons used in Vietnam were more technologically advanced than those used in Korea. Some of these weapons include: M1 Garand the world’s first successful semiautomatic rifle which had the capability to dominate the battle field. A more advanced variation of these rifles was used in military hand combat in Vietnam. The Sioux and Huey Helicopters these were used predominantly by Allied troops in Korea to ferry troops to battle fields. Advanced versions of these helicopters were also used in Vietnam by the American troops T-34 Tanks These technologically advanced tanks were designed in Russia and used by the Communist forces in North Korea. A highly technological advanced version of this tank was also used in Russia Fighter Jets F-86 Sabres and the MIG-15 Fagot The Korean War is known for some of the intense jet fights which took place between USAF pilots flying their F-86 Sabres and North Korean and Russian pilots flying the MiG-15 â€Å"Fagot†. Both of these planes incorporated the latest technology and set the standard for future jet planes designed and deployed by both the countries Napalm Gas: Used as a biological weapon of mass destruction by American troops in the Vietnam War, the Napalm gas was developed for use in the Second World War but was never deployed. It gained notoriety in Vietnam for destroying both the agricultural lands of Vietnam and poisoning the Vietnamese people. The Cold war also led to the development of technology to aid espionage activity. The U2 spy plane was one such weapon which was developed in the United States to record and photograph military activity in the USSR and other communist States. These planes used especial technology that was not easily distinguishable on the radar and could easily take pictures and document confidential activity without detection. The pictures from one of these spy planes had led to the escalation of Cuban Missiles Crises of 1962 when the US discovered that Cuba was building a missiles program with USSR’s backing The so-called stealth bomber should be able to penetrate the Russian air defence system better than existing American bombers. The Cuban Missiles Crises was perhaps the closest the world ever came to a nuclear confrontation. The Cold war and the policy of brinkmanship often cantered on the crucial deployment of both the super powers ability to use nuclear bomb. In 1949 the US lost its monopoly over the atomic or hydrogen bomb as it was called at the time when the tested their first nuclear weapon The importance of the hydrogen bomb, and its even more powerful successors lead to a competition between the two superpowers to develop the most deadliest weapon first . This mad rush to build nuclear weapons lead to an arms race with each nation spending billions of dollars to build a military arsenal designed to effectively eliminate enemy weapons. One of the weapons that were given considerable importance from both sides was the ballistic missile. This is essentially a rocket which shoots its warheads into space and then guides them towards the desired targets. The ballistic missiles were developed by both sides at a cost of billions of dollars to ensure that neither party retains the upper hand in the arms race. The development and search for elusive technology to create weapons deployed in the First World War second war and the cold war has left an enduring legacy. Though these weapons help determine the fate of the war they also left humanity with a source to wreck endless destruction and havoc. The negative effects of the race to build nuclear weapons were witnessed in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. With the end of the cold war the endless arsenal of weapons of mass destruction that both the USSR and the US spend billions of dollars to build was rendered useless. However as evidenced in history as one conflict ends another begins and the US has found other battles and causes to fund more development of new weapons to fight new enemies. Many of the weapons used in all three of the conflicts are the predecessors of the modern weapons deployed in modern military combat throughout the world and therefore present considerable historical significance Works Cited History on the Net dot com. World: War One Weapons Retrieved May 27 2010 from the website, http://www.historyonthenet. com/WW1/weapons. htm First World War dot com: Weapons of War Retrieved. May 27 2010 from the website, http://www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/machineguns. htm World War Two dot net :Weapons . Retrieved May 27 2010 from the website http://www. worldwar-two. net/armamento/ Military Discovery dot com: Korean War Weapons and Vehicles. Retrieved May 27 2010 from the website http://military. discovery. com/history/korean-war/weapons/weapons. html

Biology Revisited :: essays research papers

Concepts and Methods in BiologyBiology RevisitedA. What is life?1. Experience and education refine our questions and our answers.2. Consider the meaning of "alive."3. This book is biology revisited. It will provide:a. Deeper understanding.b. A more organized level of understanding.B. To biologists, life reflects its ancient molecular origins and its degree of organization. Life is:1. A way of capturing and using energy and materials.2. A way of sensing and responding to specific changes in the environment.3. A capacity to reproduce, grow, and develop.4. Capable of evolving.I. DNA, Energy, and LifeA. Nothing Lives Without DNAl. Living and nonliving matter are composed of the same particles, operating according to laws governing energy.a. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the special molecule that sets the living world apart from the nonliving.b. DNA carries the hereditary instructions for assembly of proteins.2. Each organism is part of a reproductive continuum that extends back through countless generations.a. Each organism arises through reproduction in which DNA instructions are transmitted from parents to offspring.b. DNA also guides development of a fertilized egg into a multicelled organism.B. Nothing Lives Without Energy1. Energy, the capacity to do work, is transferred throughout the universe.2. Metabolism refers to the cell’s capacity to extract and convert energy from its surroundings and use energy to maintain itself, grow, and reproduce.a. Plants acquire energy from sunlight and transfer some of the energy into ATP.b. Underlying the assembling and tearing down of biological structures are energy transfers.3. Organisms can sense changes in the environment and make controlled responses to them.a. Receptors detect specific information about the environment.b. Special cells receive stimuli and make appropriate responses.c. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a tolerable internal environment.II. Energy and Life’s OrganizationA. Levels of Biological Organization1. The cell, composed of "biological molecules," is the basic unit of life.4. Multicelled organisms have increasingly complex levels of organization that result in tissues >>> organs >>> organ systems >>> organisms >>> populations >>> communities >>> ecosystems >>> biosphere. B. Interdependencies Among Organisms1. Energy flows from the sun.a. Plants (producers) trap this energy by photosynthesis.b. Animals (consumers) feed on the stored energy in plants, using aerobic respiration.c. Bacteria and fungi (decomposers) break down the biological molecules of other organisms in order to recycle raw materials.2. All organisms are part of webs that depend on one another for energy and raw materials.III. If So Much Unity, Why So Many Species?A. All organisms are made of the same materials and function according to the same laws of energy.

Limitations and Contraints of Marketing Essay

Finance: Marketing costs money, having an advertisement broadcasted on television or on a radio costs a significant amount of money. Gathering research on marketing for your business will also cost a lot of money. Organisations with low finance may have to resolve on gaining data for the organisation that is â€Å"cheap† and acquired from secondary sources which a lot of the time isn’t exactly precise but it’s still better than nothing. Time Constraints: Time is extremely important for any organisations. Fashion organisations would need to time the release of new brands effectively; it’s pointless releasing a new range of winter clothing in the middle of summer. Another good example is the battle between Samsung and Apple, these two organisations will be patient and wait for the other to release information on their new product, so if Samsung released information about their new mobile being Water proof then Apple could then go away and use that information to their advantage and make their phones water proof also. Reliability of Data: Data can be acquired in many different ways, what’s important however is if the data you’re receiving is reliable or not. Primary and secondary sources are extremely important to organisations; it can be the vital difference between gaining reliable data and receiving poor data. Research on data costs money, and the better the data, the more likely the organisation will have to fork over a lot of money, which then greatly effects finance limitations and constraints. Legal and Ethical: The data protection act is the best example for Legal and Ethical Constraints. The data protection act means market researchers can only collect and hold specific data, and the data they do collect has to be kept secure and only used for lawful purposes. Any data collected has to be collected for a reason.

Research Ethics Board of Canada Essay

There are many rules that must be adhered to when describing a course of ethics. The purpose of this reading, â€Å"Ethics,† was to inform readers of the rules and regulations set forth by the Research Ethics Board of Canada. The ethics board keeps a close watch over matters of all types of human research. The given selection made obvious the Canadian government’s involvement in the research practices of its countrymen, and also the government’s commitment to keeping human research work ethically sound. The Research Ethics Board of Canada, or the REB, must be consulted in every instance of â€Å"research involving human subjects† (p. 3). Part of their job is to make sure that the safety of the living research subjects is held in high esteem. They also provide a â€Å"clear moral foundation† for research practices (p. 54). The REB is not limited to cases of research on the living. Even in the case of deceased bodies, the REB requires that â€Å"respect† is in order due to the â€Å"dignity of the person from whom tissue is obtained† (p. 76). Regarding the ethical treatment of the living and the dead, the REB has the final say so in what can or cannot be done with a human body, and their opinions supersede those of the researchers (p. 3). The REB oversees laboratory practices, but they also oversee ethical treatment of humans in the public sector as well. In the public sector, celebrities and sports figures are often hounded by reporters and photographers. The REB, however, protects some of their privacy by including in their general policies rules about research on â€Å"living people in the public arena† (p. 1). The REB does not regulate research about people who fall into this classification unless â€Å"the subject is approached directly for interviews or for access to private papers† (p. 1). When such requests occur, the REB must step in and confirm that the â€Å"research† is being done ethically and in accordance with policy (p. 1). One could safely assume that most people wanting information for unethical purposes would be dissuaded by the measure of protection the REB provides. The REB may just have a general measure of authority in research in the public sector, but in some research situations, they assume a great amount of control. In cases of extremely invasive or â€Å"potentially harmful† research, the REB must assess, monitor, and review each case with â€Å"intense scrutiny† (p. 9). The REB especially monitors cases that are â€Å"the most ethically challenging† (p. 9). Some of these cases may include situations where children are involved. Potential â€Å"physical, moral, psychological, and social consequences† must be provided for review by the REB before research on a child, particularly a very sick child, can be approved (p. 28). Even if the research is approved, the REB gives the final decision about the research to the person who will be undergoing it. The REB works with people who usually would not be able to indicate consent, such as young children, Alzheimer’s patients, and the cognitively impaired (p. 29). In the interest of ethical behavior, if the person indicates that they do not want to take part in the research, the REB will step in and remove them from the situation. Even though the REB is a governmental agency, they still have control over what happens medically to the most frail and innocent patients. It would be unethical to include a person in a study that they did not choose to take part in, so in the name of ethics the REB stops researchers from taking advantage of perilous situations. The protection of the people of Canada is the main job of the REB. Even though some people are opposed to governmental intrusion into areas of health and ethical treatment, the REB is a good example of appropriate governmental intervention into such research. Canada has an excellent model for the rest of the world.

Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music

Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Gospel music is inspirational. Writing term schools papers about gospel music you may explore the inspirational effect of the gospel music or research the history of the gospel music. This page has a good sample term paper about gospel music. It is short but you may find some good ideas to start writing your own term paper. unites professional writers and students from all over the world.You may try our free paper blog with detailed tips on term paper writing, check our term paper samples, or try our custom paper writing services. Sample Term Papers: Gospel Music Literate, urban blacks increasingly depended on rehearsed music sung by choirs or smaller vocal groups, indebted in style to arrangements of spirituals popularized by the various jubilee singing groups of the day. Congregational support came as hand clapping and supportive ejaculations, not as singing. Modern black gospel music derives from this stage, though its history is difficult to trace because of the virtual absence of written or recorded documentation. A handful of phonograph discs made by the Dinwiddie Colored Quartet and other groups in the first years of the present century confirm that the harmonically based jubilee style had spread to other areas of black vocal music; field recordings made in the rural South and in Southern prisons in the 1930s and '40s tell us that triadic, tonal vocalizing had extended to orally disseminated music and that the male quartet (usually featuring one or two exceptionally high tenor voices) had become a popular medium; commercial recordings made in the 1920s of both sacred and secular music document the vocal and rhythmic viruosity which had become part of these traditions. A flood of recordings by black male gospel quartets in the 1930s and '40s, by the Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet, the Famous Blue Jay Singers, the Kings of Harmony, the Soul Stirrers, and many others, preserve some of the most complex music for small vocal ensemble ever performed, while underlining the successful integration of harmonic and formal aspects of white music into the expression of intensely black religious and musical expression. Other recordings from the same period inform us of the early utilization of instruments in black religious music. The modern era of gospel music, taken by most scholars to begin with the compositions of C. A. Tindley and Thomas A. Dorsey, falls outside the scope of the present chapter. However, its most important musical impulses were surely derived from spirituals and jubilee songs of the decades leading up to Wor ld War I.It has been said that the blues "represent the full racial expression of the Negro, the expression of the emotional life of a race. This solo secular vocal form took shape at just the time the spiritual was emerging in the postwar South, and like the latter it reflects aspects of African style and expression modified by circumstances of black life in America: (The) intensely personal nature of blues-singing is the result of what can be called the Negro's "American experience." African songs dealt, as did the songs of a great many of the preliterate or classical civilizations, with the exploits of the social unit, usually the tribe.

Gratitude as a Ritual Expressing Thanks on Thanksgiving

Gratitude as a Ritual Expressing Thanks on Thanksgiving What do you think of when you think of â€Å"rituals†? For me, the word conjures up Shabbat dinners, Passover seders, and lighting the Hannukah menorah. Growing up in a Jewish household, we observed these rituals at the proper time on the calendar, and I always found they were an opportunity to take a step back from the other routines of life and reflect on the theme of the holiday. With Thanksgiving coming, many of us are preparing for a popular ritual: A big dinner, likely comprised of turkey (or Tofurkey), cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie, amongst other goodies. In the air is a general sense that the theme is gratitude. But do you actually take time to express your gratitude on Thanksgiving, or do you just stuff yourself silly? And do you find yourself uplifted during this season, or like so many, do sadness and anxiety creep in? Expressing Thanks on Thanksgiving In my family, we usually go around the Thanksgiving table at some point and each say something we’re grateful for. I like this ritual. Expressing gratitude is scientifically proven through positive psychology research to increase happiness. It gives us a sense of our own goodness (it’s sure more self-affirming than complaining!) as well as a recognition of the good things around us. I have noticed that there’s often a level of discomfort in expressing gratitude publicly, even amongst family. But everyone still does it and I always feel more connected with the family after we express our gratitude. People often give thanks for food and health, for something that has happened in the past, or for being safe given specific world events. This year, the sense of gratitude will be very real given that I will be with my sister’s in-laws who have family in Puerto Rico. It occurs to me that there is also a deeper level we can reach: a direct personal expression. I’m inspired this year to bring a deeper aspect of gratitude to our Thanksgiving ritual. A New Gratitude Ritual? There’s a video series on the Science of Happiness that came out in 2013 and that for some reason I just saw for the first time last week. The experiment in the video was based, I believe, on research by Martis E.P. Seligman, who found that people who wrote and delivered letters of gratitude exhibited a huge increase in happiness compared to a control group. In the video, individuals were asked to write a letter to a person who influenced them and then to read it to that person. Before and after the exercise, their happiness was tested. Overall, there was a strong trend toward more happiness after the individuals read their letters to their recipients. This has me thinking, what if we take time this Thanksgiving to appreciate someone in the room who has made a difference in our lives, in addition to the standard things we’re grateful for? To me, that will make for an even more memorable Thanksgiving and will likely start out my holiday season- and the holidays of anyone who participates- with a higher happiness quotient. What’s in Your Gratitude Basket? What are you grateful for this holiday season? Who will be at your Thanksgiving table to whom you want to offer gratitude for the way they’ve influenced your life? Are you willing to go the extra step to express your feelings to them? And if you won’t be with someone who fits that category, would you be willing to write a letter and read it to the recipient? Let’s get the gratitude ball rolling, and bring it into all aspects of our lives. Into our home, our relationships, and our workplaces. The science shows we’ll all have more well-being, motivation, and overall success. In that spirit, thank you for reading my blog week after week, letting me know I make a difference, and inspiring me to bring my thoughts and creativity to life. You give me a weekly boost in my own gratitude and happiness. Thank you and enjoy your Thanksgiving ritual! Did you enjoy this article? Sign up for my Life and Leadership e-list for more inspiring articles like this one.

Economic Integration within the EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Integration within the EU - Essay Example (Arestis, P. et al 1999) DG ECFIN economists are playing vital role in the ongoing forward-looking review of the European Union single market that the European Commission is chalking out. The barriers still exist in the internal market of the Union. Which indicates that many benefits have yet to be realised The potential of the single market is to be contributed to a more dynamic, innovative and competitive EU From the economic perspective of the single market review, DG ECFIN analysts advised that it is time to move towards a more economics-based and results-oriented approach using the targeted monitoring of selected markets and sectors. It would bring real improvements to the operations of the single market. The objective is to realize the four freedoms enshrined in the treaty. . At present, this vision is a successful reality in many spheres. The individuals can live, work, study or retire in any EU country. The Consumers would have an extensive choice of products and services at lower prices. The businesses would have lower costs and more opportunities to flourish in a Europe of close to 500 million customers without internal boundaries. The expected gains for the EU economy from the single market inducts an extra 2.2% on GDP and more than 2.75 million jobs created between 1992 and 2006. The The single market may be deemed as a natural coefficient of economic and monetary union (EMU). The euro is not only substitutes the single market by removing the costs and inconveniences of multiple currencies, but it is also the concrete expression of the willingness of the euro-area Member States to work together within EMU. This is a strong, united and sustainable EU economy that can defend Europe's citizens against global catastrophe and turbulence. Many policies for a single market Using a constitutional political economy approach, this paper attempts to demonstrate that both the "principle of integrity" and the "principle of efficiency" of collective action appear to be violated by the European economic constitution. This occurs, respectively, because its provisions are not neutral, nor revisable, and because they do not sufficiently allow for the possibility of cooperative collective decision (leading to convergence in welfare) in a more than ever numerous and heterogeneous EU. Essential argument in this respect regards the implications of the structurally different economic performances and incentives of small and large countries under the European economic constitution. (Laurent, E., and Cacheux, J. L. (2005), From the very beginning, the single market mechanism was more important than an economic policy decision. The ongoing crucial negotiations on an EU patent to defend European innovations; and a common trade policy. It would gives flawless access to the single market for our global trade partners while promoting EU exports and our social and environmental standards globally. It was expected to launch a more dynamic, innovative and competitive EU economy. This has not materialized: economic growth in the EU, determined by GDP per capita, has been below that of the US over the last ten years. Fabienne Ilzkovitz, one of the report's authors, who clarifies the economic

Legalization of Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legalization of Marijuana - Essay Example This is applicable to marijuana too. It is often shunned as an intoxicating drug that people often abuse. However, there is an overshadowed side to this drug, which gives reason for its legalization as a medical substance. If people recognized marijuana for its numerous beneficial uses for patients of glaucoma, cancer, aids, and multiple sclerosis, they would realize that these provide substantial ground for the legalization of marijuana. One use of marijuana, which greatly justifies its use as a medical substance, is its use for glaucoma patients (Klein, pp. 19-27). Glaucoma is a disease in which the patient experiences elevated ‘intraocular’ pressure in the eye, which often causes nerve damage, which slowly blinds the patient. Marijuana contains an active ingredient, THC, which helps reduce this pressure. This does not mean that marijuana cures the disease, but it helps delay the onset of the worst of its symptoms, which include vision impairment and blindness (Jacob, pp. 75-120). Experts often criticize this use of marijuana, saying that it is not worth the risk of using such an intoxicating and psychoactive substance for glaucoma patients when it does not even cure their condition. ... 1-3). The University of California has published several findings about this use for marijuana, which effectively alleviates the extreme pain that these diseases cause a task, which other painkillers are often ineffective at doing (Doheny, pp. 22-30). This is especially relevant for patients suffering from the final stages of cancer, where cure is not possible, and their pain is at its worst. The only thing that anyone can do for the dying patient at this point is to ease his or her suffering. Given marijuana’s effectiveness in alleviating such pain, the authorities should consider legalizing such a medical use of the substance. The argument of the side effects of marijuana, such as addictiveness or intoxication is irrelevant in this case, since the patient would not be any worse off due to such side effects, given their condition. For other cases, such as patients in pain due to AIDS, spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis, the patients are often helpless in pain and thu s if marijuana helps alleviate their pain, this greatly outweighs the negative side effects it might have on them (Jacob, pp. 75-120). These reasons provide further ground for the legalization of marijuana despite it negative characteristics. Another use that justifies the use of marijuana is a slightly less favored one. It springs from a side effect which marijuana has, which is that it increases the appetite of the person who smokes it (Farrow, Rees & Worrington-Roberts, pp. 79:218). This characteristic is, however, a useful find for people suffering from HIV. These patients suffer from extreme weight loss due to their condition, a symptom known as ‘wasting’. This includes a loss of appetite, which is followed by the deterioration of the

Discussing the Law Cases in the United States Assignment

Discussing the Law Cases in the United States - Assignment Example Officer D’onofrio took a single picture of the defendant without the accompaniment of Mr Glover, the alleged buyer. He only relied on the description given to him by Mr Glover. This is another hitch; what if there is another person who resembles the defendant and maybe is the one who sold the alleged heroin to Glover It is hard for the officer to prove that the picture he took was actually of the person Glover described. Glover admits that he had neither met the defendant nor had he seen him before, this also makes his positive identification of the defendant challengeable in a court of appeal. In short, the procedure the officer used to obtain evidence of the case is improper according to the US federal constitution. The defendant lawyer can argue that the evidence given is inadmissible since it is derived by Glover pretence to lure his client to commit a crime. The US criminal penal code states that; .."Whenever evidence is objected to as inadmissible because it was discovered as a result of or otherwise derived from compelled testimony or evidence, the burden shall be upon the person offering the challenged evidence to establish a source independent of the compelled testimony or evidence"( Sec. 54-47a). Since the court relied on evidence given by Mr.  Ã‚   It should be noted that the defence lawyer has all the right to apply for rejection of any information or evidence given under the U.S Federal criminal penal code. The federal court can upon motion by the defence lawyer at any time dismiss any information and order the defendant discharged. (Sec.54-56 ).

Strategic Significance And Management Of Dell Inc Business Essay

Strategic Significance And Management Of Dell Inc Business Essay Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. The term strategic management underlines the importance of managers with regard to strategy. The strategic management role is different in nature from other aspects of management. It is concerned with complexity arising out of ambiguous and non-routine situations with organization wide rather than operation-specific implications (Thomas .L. Wheelen, 2010). This study based on the strategic management of Dell Inc. Dell has experienced its tremendous growth by empowering people through innovative products and services. Throughout this period dell has optimized its business model to raise its standards of excellence. Dells core values, mission, vision has facilitates the company to achieve this glorious goals. The purpose of this report to underpin an outlook for strategic significance and the management of dell computers by evaluating internal and external environments of Dells position in a comparative landscape. The report further undergoes the analysis; a recommended strategy has been outlined which will guided eventually to Dells strategic success. The final part of this study stating recommended the strategy and its implementation with a model including conclusion for the overall sustainability of the company. Company Profile Dell at a Glance Dell is an American multinational computer Technology Corporation founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. According to the statistics published under the global PC market share, it was placed to the 3rd position under the worldwide PC shipments. The company employees more than 82,700 people worldwide (www.scribd.com, 2012). Dell grew during the 1980s and 1990s to become a brand, thus Company employee Direct Business Model to expand the core business worldwide. Dells operational regions include mainly America, Europe Middle East and Asia Pacific regions. The company maintains a consistent focus on offering the best value to the customer. As a trusted technology innovator with diversified, comprehensive IT portfolio, Dell committed to serve its best to the customers and employee. For nearly three decades, Dell has been on an incredible journey, experiencing positive growth on a global scale. Empowering its people customers, business partners and team members who keep the company moving throu gh the rapidly evolving world of technology. Dell Key towards Strategic Planning Vision of the Company Its the way we do business. Its the way we interact with the community. Its the way we interpret the world around us-our customers needs, the future of technology, and the global business climate. Whatever changes the future may bring, our vision-Dell Vision-will be our guiding force The vision statement is able to put forward one of the most important principles behind the operations of Dell. The industry that Dell operates in is one of the most dynamic and ever changing one in the international market. Fluctuations of technology and consumer demands mean that change is the only constant. This is why the lack of prediction leads to the vision statement which focuses on the interpretation of strategy through consumer needs, technology trends and international business climate. Mission statement Dells mission is to be the most successful Computer Company in the world by delivering the best customer experience in markets they serve. In doing so, Dell will meet customer expectations in following areas. Highest quality, leading technology, Competitive pricing, individual and company accountability, best-in-class service and support, flexible customization capability and superior corporate citizenship. Dell Organizational Structure Dells governing body consisting with Executive Leadership team and the Board of Directors. The company is leading by the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Currently Michael S. Dell holding the two positions of chairman and the CEO (Dell, 2012). Dell is following two types of organizational structure which include Executive Leadership Team in senior management and Board of directors for oversight and supervision of the overall affairs of the company. They functions under the so call Executive Leadership Team. Supporting the Board of Directors functioning seven committee charters: Audit Committee Charter  , Compensation Committee Charter, Finance Committee,  Governance and Nominating Committee, Corporate Governance Principles,  Board of Directors Nomination Process,  Communicating With the Board of Directors.   Dells Executive Leadership team provides the guidance and focus in terms of seeking to help their customers more efficiently. They decide the companys operations and implements strategy and policy created by the Board of Directors (Dell, 2012).The other officers functions under the supervision of Board of Directors. The hierarchical organization structure is in Appendix:2. Organizational Characteristics Capabilities and Resources The heart of the Dells business strategy is its customer focus direct business model. In order to serve their customers in more efficient ways Dell developed its core competency by making its customers as the centric core value of its business and deployed the resources and capabilities. This has given the significant increment for Dells strategy to enhance and empowered more competencies such as manufacturing process, human capital management and supply chain management. In order to hit the comparative market in right manner Dell has to improve its products based on modern technologies and consistently Dell has to improve its supply chain and manufacturing process which compliment the efficiencies created by supply chain. Dell had recruit, train and retain compatible workforce which could contribute for company future growth. The healthy environment endorses honesty and accountability as a long term perspective which can logically approach and enhances the core competencies in the c omplicated infrastructure. By delivering values and servicing them effectively Dell became more efficient in terms of recognizing, acquiring and retaining customers by fulfilling their needs. The core competencies which I discussed above enable Dell to perform efficiently and manage its profitability in a mature industry environment see Appendixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Further Dell was able to leverage its core competencies by utilizing its internal resources and capabilities to enhance its key success factors. See appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In addition Dells infrastructure, global presence along with capabilities and human capital will leads Dell further to achieve potential growth and differentiated strategic dimension. Dells technological efficiency is capable of supporting expansion to new markets. Such strategies like growing sales and delivering value to the customers in an innovative process will support to the Dells global manufacturing facilities. Dells differentiation stems from process  innovation.  The company is very successful in leveraging and harnessing the value  of its suppliers and partners  technology innovation.  This allows Dell to minimize RD spending and improve the cost structure, a strategy that is rarely matched by competitors.  The company is  also gaining  knowledge in the  retail industry  by  partnering with major  retailers such as  Costco.  This is vital  for the success  of any strategic initiative aiming for a retail presence in global  emerging markets such as China and  India. Dells financials indicate a stellar operational performance evident by above the average inventory, assets  and receivables turnovers.  The company was  able to achieve a  high financial  performance at the operational level by utilizing its state of the art IT infrastructure, supply chain and inventory  management systems.  Further, the  companys stock  represents an  at tractive investment due to the companys utilization of  assets and focus on capital return.  This is evident when comparing Dells high return on investment, asses and invested capital (ROE, ROA and ROIC) to the industry  and market (Appendix  F).  Profitability  ratios indicate  that Dell  is experiencing average profit margins.  This is  contributed to  hyper competition  in the  PC industry; competitors are running on thinner margins in order to gain market share. The capital structure that Dell adopts focuses on financing growth and operations from retained earnings, the company doesnt  pay dividends or acquire debt.  The companys financial  policy in this regard emulates an IT start-up company, even though its a mature company in a mature industry.  Its highly  unlikely that Dell  will continue this  policy in the near  future as investors press  for dividends  and the stock price falls, as  is happening already.  Further, acquir ing debt might be necessary to finance growth and establishing retail presence into global emerging markets. This will not have a negative effect on Dell since it possesses the necessary financial leverage. Business segmentations of Dell Dells business segmentation focuses with the customer. It attempt to fulfill customer needs which is at the heart of Dell. During the past years Dell has signified and recognized its customer-centric business. Dell believes that they operate its global Consumer business by serving customers with faster innovation and greater responsiveness, and enables them to better understand and address their challenges. Dells global business segments are given in the Appendixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dell Business Strategy Dell is a customer-centric company which its marketing strategy is quite simple and basic in nature. The main emphasis is on the low-cost-strategy by selling the products at lower prices by following a direct business model which removes the middlemen. Dell is superior to manufacture its products with the time and cost and offer high level of customer service by meeting the customers expectations. This so call direct business model has five features which is explain in appendix.. Dell Product Development Strategy The product development strategy of Dells focus with developing its products based on technologies which include superior features and capabilities at competitive prices. Dell employees its unique approach in terms of design and development its products architecting innovative system designs and integrating new technologies to its products. Therefore by implementing this customer-centric approach, Dell delivers new and relevant products and services to the market quickly and efficiently (Dell, 2012). The company continuing to expands its business through delivering products faster and serving the customers in particular way. Key strategic issues Dell is facing multiple strategic issues which may impede on the companys top positioning the computer hardware market. This section addresses the four key strategic issues that Dell should address in order to maintain its prominent market position. First, Dell faces slow growth for its primary product: the personal computer (PC) in saturated U.S. market. The majority of U.S. corporate and education PCs will be replacement units affected by a technological upgrade cycle within the next two years. Therefore, as Dell attempts to maintain its dominant position, the company should focus on product customization and superior relationships with suppliers. This strategy enabled Dells past success but had  become diluted over the last five years. The company should continue to improve itself in these areas in order to remain the top computer hardware differentiator. Second, the erosion of Dells brand value continues due to the perception of declining customer service. Although the company prides itself on superior customer service, recent surveys suggest that Dells results recently declined in this business segment. Dells executives are aware that quality customer service is a key element of the companys success and are reportedly working towards improvements. Third, Dells inability to serve all market needs due to the current strategy of limited vendors in its supply chain. Dell brings few products to market and leverages technology created  by other companies effectively and efficiently. Dell also remains committed to chip supplier, Intel. Although this enables Dell to offer PCs at high value to consumers, it also limits the companys ability to supply diverse customers. The company should consider enabling itself to offer more customized products by increasing relationships with more diverse suppliers Strategic Management Analysis Strategic Analysis is the process of conducting research on the business environment within an organization which operates and on the organization itself. This provides the foundation for the strategic management by providing an insight into the forces behind the intense competition, by developing a sustaining competitive advantage based on organization core competency (JOSEPH, 2012). The Strategic analysis is a one step in strategic management .The steps involved in strategic management is given in Appendixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Strategic analysis used following key analytical methods to underpin strategic management. SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, Porters five forces analysis and Value chain analysis (CIMA, 2007). Internal Analysis of Dell Dell enjoys in terms of low cost with superior product performance by its distinctive competencies. They are the core benefits which are practicing by Dell through its direct business model. Dell designs its products according to wishes of the target which allow the company to enjoy superior customer value and brand loyalty, which enhances company ability to coordinate its various functions to produce exciting products. Dell arrive its competitive advantage from three dimensions which is given in Appendixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Value chain analysis of Dell Before making a strategic decision, it is essential to understand how activities within the organization create value for customers. The main aim of value-chain is to categorize the generically value adding service of an organization. The theoretical study of value chain is given in Appendix.. Dell Value Chain Analysis Primary Activities. Support Activities Inbound Logistics Dell relies mostly on its highly reliable supplier, where Dell streamlines its operation and relies on its computer monitor supplier to ship directly to the customer. As long as its supplier retains its leadership position, Dell would collaborate with it to achieve mutual success. Operations Every Dell system is built to order. Therefore Customers get exactly what they want.  Dell uses knowledge gained from direct customer contact before and after the sale to provide award-winning reliability and tailored customer service.   Outbound Logistics When Dell introduced its direct business model which sells its products directly to consumers and communicating with them and serving them directly. Dell, on the other hand, sells, especially in two areas, seeing sales trends and learning about unmet customer needs.  The company also relies on customers knowledge of what they want to purchase and when they want to complete the transaction to drive the direct business model. Dell leverages this source of customer knowledge by making it as easy as possible for a customer to place a customized order electronically.   Marketing and Sales Dells direct to customer model solve the problem for additional capital for marketing and sales. By selling directly to consumer it eliminated retailers along the way. One advantage of this kind of system is that the firm is continuously in contact with its customers and they are benefiting in two areas concerning sales and marketing, seeing sales trends and learning about unmet costumer demands. Service Dell spent dollars training well-educated business segment managers provide state-of-the art advice to customers. The company also initiated a collaborative customer-solution teams that collaborate with customers to fulfill any unmet customer needs. Because of the nature of work of Dells employees they are continually being inspired to stay abreast of technology threats and opportunities that may alter the competitive landscape in the future. Procurement It is on this activity that Dell is weak because Dell do not enjoy protected by trademark or patent or copyright  technology. The technology being used in the industry is shared by all industry players. Technology Development Technology is an important source of competitive advantage and here one strength of Dell for the firm enjoys better access to technology. Dell introduces the latest relevant technology much more quickly than companies with slow-moving indirect distribution channels. Human Resource Management (HRM) Dells mission statement is to be the most successful computer company in the world at delivering the best customer experience in markets we serve. Dell employees, direct salespeople, help-desk operators, engineers, and the like all have to be knowledgeable and customer focused to ensure Dells continued competitiveness. Firm Infrastructure Dell revolutionized the traditional value chain of computer manufacturing industry by introducing the direct to customer model. Dell also employed a global business consultancy, to help it develop a set of metrics to judge business-unit performance. By doing so, daily decision making were more efficient. The chief financial objective that steered managerial evaluation at Dell was return on invested capital (ROIC). Which leads to no inventory build-up, Dell turns over inventory every six days on average, keeping related costs low. External Analysis of Dell PEST Analysis: Dells environment consists of uncontrollable forces that directly or indirectly influence an organizations ability to achieve a desired result. In the words of Kotler and Armstrong marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing managements ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers (Kotler Armstrong, 2003). These influences create both opportunities and threats for a company in a comparative market segment. Dell PESTEL Analysis factors Analysis Political The political environment of the business has pivotal effects on the performance of the business in the quest of achieving its strategic goals. The political instability started after the 9/11 has affected the market conditions all over the world. Most of the computer manufacturers belong to US and the country government is taking huge efforts to facilitate the business. This offers exciting opportunities across the world to manufacturer like Dell, HP, Acer, Toshiba, and Lenovo etc. In order to capitalize the growing needs of the market the government of US has strengthen its ties with China in order to exploit the comparative advantage of the country in the form of low labor and technological cost Economic High tariffs on IT products makes Dell difficult to enter other markets apart from USA .since most of the population of the world is young and adaptive to change in technology, dell aimed to manufacture its products which are more user friendly and can be afforded by young professionals, because purchasing power of working population saw an increase over the past few decades. Since the economy saw a change due to the meltdown and recession, dell also had to modify some of its policies to cope up with the changing scenario. The change in the US economy also effected Dell with it bring change in its core policies of inventory and credit management of receivables and inventory conversion days to decrease its operating cycle and thus reduce cost. Social The values across the continents are changing with the passage of time, and now a global culture is arising meaning the presence of universal segment having the same values, likes and dislikes and other norms across the world. This offers exciting opportunities to various organizations including computer manufacturer in the form of standardized product development offers across the world with no adaptation. This translates into various economies, and low fixed costs, meaning change in attitude towards foreign brand. Technological Technological changes are happening at a very fast rate due to which Dell is able to provide advanced technology  products to the  customers. As a result of  technological changes Dell has also increased their product line. It is adapting to the technological changes as he old technology is becoming obsolete. One of the most important effects of technological changes that have led to the increase of the demand of Dell computers is their Direct Business Model. They have excellent ecommerce capabilities, which can be seen with the success of the dell. The recent technological changes can be seen in their recent products like New Power Edge Servers, New Enterprise Computing Portfolio, Innovation Aids Recovery, Ultra-Thin Laptop, Adamo, which will be in the market very soon. Dell could exploit the network-internet, extranet to reach the corners of the world. Five Forces Analysis The Porters five Forces model is a simple and powerful strategy analysis tool that helps managers to know where the control lies in a company situation. It helps in understanding the strengths of the company in the market against the competitors, suppliers, and buyers. According to Porter the nature of competitiveness in a given industry can be viewed as composite of five forces, rivalry among competitive firms, potential entry of new competitors, potential development of substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of consumers (David, 2005). The relationship of Porters five forces model for Dell have been depicted. In the following the study explore the five elements that constitute Porters five forces one by one and evaluate their impact on Dell in particular and personal computer industry in general. Rivalry Amongst Existing Competitors The personal computer industry from the beginning is inclined toward consolidation, as the market type can rightly be cited as oligopoly. The industry contains players like Lenovo, HP, Toshiba, Sony etc. The competition in the market is based on price and competitive advantage. Threat of New Entrants Every player tries its utmost to beat and outperform competitors by producing the latest technology and then price them competitively. This probably the reason that new firms find it very hard to enter the market and the existing competitors trying their level best to either maintain their market. Bargaining Power of Buyer: In the personal computer industry the bargaining power of the buyer is very high due to the fact that there is very less amount of brand loyalty in the market because most of the manufacturer produced identical products. In additional to absence of brand loyalty, the switching cost is very low in the industry because most of the systems are based on the Intel processor. Moreover, customer also feels comfortable with backward integration and building their own system through selecting the individual components manufactured by different producers. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Traditionally the bargaining power of suppliers is also very high in the computer market. This is due to the fact that there are very few suppliers who supply the major components of the computer. For example the major suppliers of microprocessor are Intel and AMD. They are almost having the monopoly over the market. Moreover the organization will bear significant switching if the decided to change the component part suppliers. Substitute products Usually the availability of substitute does affect the sales and profitability of the computer and its various components to huge extent. Traditionally the threat of substitutes is very high for Dell. The computer industry has traditionally experienced similar products produced by the different manufacturer with a very little distinction between a computers produced by one manufacture with that of other. The competition between the rivals can be rightly cited as oligopoly because almost all the major producer manufactures identical products. The Industry Life Cycle: The computer industry as a whole has entered the maturity stage of product life cycle (Norman, 2010). Some of the weak competitors have disband their production while others (HP and Compaq) have consolidated their business due to decreasing margins with the passage of time and economic crunch that have started after the insolvency of Lehman Brothers. Most of the competitors are trying their level best to differentiate their offerings from the competitors in order to reduced value for their consumers, while other are trying to produce aesthetic design, ease of use, superior product performance. As depicted in Figure 1 the customer now Requires solution and convenience as compared to technology and performance. In order to stay competitive in the market all the players should continuously innovate their offerings according to the latest trends of the market . http://www.nngroup.com/reports/FigsFromIC/2-3.jpg Figure 1: Customer Preferences: adopted from http://www.nngroup.com/reports/life_cycle_of_tech.html.